塑料降解的方法有哪些?

What are the methods for plastic degradation?

　　聚乳酸（PLA）是由植物糖分提取的丙交酯單體聚合而成，在工業(yè)堆肥下可完全降解為水和二氧化碳。

Polylactic acid (PLA) is polymerized from propylene glycol monomers extracted from plant sugars and can be completely degraded into water and carbon dioxide under industrial composting.

　　聚乙醇酸(PGA)：全生物降解材料，“環(huán)境友好”屬性突出

Polyglycolic acid (PGA): a fully biodegradable material with outstanding "environmentally friendly" properties

　　PGA為全生物降解材料，其降解條件溫和，在水和微生物作用下，在自然環(huán)境中能實現(xiàn)快速降解，終降解產(chǎn)物為二氧化碳和水。除此之外，PGA還能在海水中進(jìn)行降解，其降解產(chǎn)物對人體和環(huán)境皆是無害的。

PGA is a fully biodegradable material with mild degradation conditions. It can achieve rapid degradation in the natural environment under the action of water and microorganisms, and the final degradation products are carbon dioxide and water. In addition, PGA can also be degraded in seawater, and its degradation products are harmless to both humans and the environment.

　　聚羥基脂肪酸酯（PHA）是由微生物通過各種碳源發(fā)酵而合成的不同結(jié)構(gòu)的脂肪族共聚聚酯，不僅能夠用于包裝材料、農(nóng)膜等，還能廣泛的應(yīng)用于藥品、化妝品、動物飼料等領(lǐng)域。

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are different structured aliphatic copolyesters synthesized by microorganisms through fermentation from various carbon sources. They can be used not only in packaging materials, agricultural films, but also widely in fields such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and animal feed.

　　二氧化碳共聚物（PPC）是一種以二氧化碳和環(huán)氧丙烷為原料共聚制備得到的一種新型高分子材料，其中聚合物中二氧化碳部分可以高達(dá)百分之四十。二氧化碳共聚物是石化行業(yè)關(guān)注的友好型塑料原料，具有資源和能源消耗少、對生態(tài)和環(huán)境污染小、再生利用率高的特點。二氧化碳共聚物作為環(huán)保產(chǎn)品和高科技產(chǎn)品，不但可以減少對石油的消耗，而且環(huán)境適應(yīng)性也很理想，它的生產(chǎn)和應(yīng)用，無論從環(huán)境保護(hù)，或是從資源再生利用的角度看，都具有重要的意義。

Carbon dioxide copolymer (PPC) is a new type of polymer material prepared by copolymerization of carbon dioxide and epichlorohydrin, in which the carbon dioxide portion of the polymer can reach up to 40%. Carbon dioxide copolymers are friendly plastic raw materials of concern to the petrochemical industry, characterized by low resource and energy consumption, low ecological and environmental pollution, and high recycling efficiency. Carbon dioxide copolymers, as environmentally friendly and high-tech products, not only reduce the consumption of petroleum, but also have ideal environmental adaptability. Their production and application are of great significance, whether from the perspective of environmental protection or resource recycling.

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